Modulation of chaperone's expression is a new therapeutic approach for the neurodegenerative and other diseases arising from protein misfolding. Protein misfolding may result in various diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington, Spinocerebellar ataxia 1, 2, 3, Spinobulbar muscular atrophy and ageing. Alteration in this process may lead to protein aggregation and formation of inclusion bodies. Ĭhaperones are instrumental in protein folding processes. Chaperones actively participate in the maintenance of proteome integrity and protein homeostasis (proteostasis) which requires a syncrhonization in various chaperones tuning the process. Many protozoan parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum requires these proteins for cytoprotection and targeting of nuclear encoded proteins to apicoplast required for necessary biosynthetic processes like fatty acid biosynthesis. The first identified chaperones were the histone chaperones that are continously involved in histone metabolism thus regulating genome function, stability and identity. Besides, chaperones help in targeting the native proteins to their respective organelles. Chaperones bind to the newly synthesized and unfolded proteins helping them acquire their properly folded 3D structure.
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